DUEA CONSTITUTION


                                                  ARRANGEME OF CHAPTERS                                   
ARTICLE                                                                                                                             PAGE
I.              Establishment and Objectives. 3
II.           Mission and Vision. 4
III.         Membership. 4
V.           Banking, Resources and Finance. 13
VI.        Election 17
IX.        Patron and Matron. 18
X.           Miscellaneous Provision. 18
XI.        Amendments. 29
XII.      Dissolution. 20
APPENDIX …………………………………………..…….……………………………………21


PREAMBLE


We, the members, are desirous of making a new constitution of an Association called Dar Es Salaam University Economic Association hereinafter acronymed as DUEA in replacement of the old, conscious to the changes that are taking place in the world and their impact on our generation.
Mindful of the serious problems, which are hindering our country’s economic and social development and the need to increase participation in the country’s development.
Cognizant of the fact that the trends towards country’s development needs to be encouraged, supported and sustained.
Convinced that the responsibility for promoting the ideas the economic development in the country rests with us.
We affirm our will to work tirelessly in solidarity with other progressive organizations to activate social responsibility among our people to enhance economic development. 
To this end we now constitute the DUEA as a formation of Dar Es Salaam University Economics students committed to the social and economic development in the country.
Noting that we have fully debated adopted and enacted the drafted constitution prepared by DUEA constitution commission.
Do hereby declare, adopt, enact and bind ourselves and our successors to this constitution of DUEA in 2008.


ARTICLE  I

ESTABLISHMENT AND OBJECTIVES

Establishment, status and registered office.

1.1    There shall be an established association to be known as DAR ES SALAAM UNIVERSITY ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION herein referred as DUEA.
1.2    The association shall be non governmental organization and shall have perpetual succession and common seal, which shall bear the words ‘DUEA’ which shall be fixed in presence of at least two leaders.
1.3    There shall be registered office at the University of Dar Es Salaam.  Branch offices shall be established where the Association shall deem fit.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1.4    DUEA was established to accomplish the following main objectives.
(i)                  To produce graduates with the spirit to influence and taking part in the general economic affairs of the country in the process of alleviating poverty.
(ii)               To promote Economics interest and understanding among its members and non-members.
(iii)             To disseminate economic knowledge among the general public.
(iv)             To promote academic excellently of members and prepare them for the development into credible academics, researchers and policy makers in Tanzania.
(v)               To link with other similar Economic associations all over the world that are actively involved in research in economics and economics development due regard being to inter the economics as a social sciences.
(vi)             To achieve the above broad objective, the association will organize; public lectures, panel discussions, seminars where papers are presented for general knowledge and peer review, workshops with local and on some cases participation of students in economics from other universities in the world and study tours to areas of economic interest, both within and outside the country.
                                                                                          


ARTICLE II

MISSION AND VISION

Vision

2.1 DUEA aspires to have strong Economists movement in Tanzania in the deliberation of the
      country’s general economic chaos.

Mission

2.2  To carry out capacity building, conducting seminars research, public lectures and activism     
       activities to increase stakeholders’ influence and participation in the implementation and
       achievement of its main agenda.

ARTICLE III

MEMBERSHIP

3.1   Membership shall be open to all Undergraduate economics students, undertaking the course
        as major our minor in their respective degree programs.
3.2   Admission to membership will be subject to the application by successful members who
         meets the qualifications described in the clause 3.1 above.
3.3    Membership shall be awarded to those who owe allegiance to DUEA in the following
         categories.           

(a)    Ordinary Membership:  These shall be awarded to all who shall join the association
         subsequent to its registration and qualify under Article 3.1.

(b)    Associate Membership:  These shall be awarded to Economics graduates, including
         Masters Students, academic members of staff from the Economic Department at
         University of  Dar es Salaam, Economic Research Bureau (ERB) and any other as the
         Executive Committee shall  deem fit.

( c)    Honorary Membership:  These shall be awarded to all who have in one way or
          another distinguished themselves by their exceptional and outstanding contribution
          towards advancements of the objectives and tasks of DUEA.

3.4  The members under category 3.3b and c, once confirmed by the GA shall thereafter become
       members of DUEA without voting rights.

3.5  All members shall pay annual subscription fee to be set by the General Assembly (GA).
                                                  
                                                   RIGHTS OF MEMBERS

3.6  The rights of members shall be
         3.6.1 Every member shall have the right to take part in the formal action and discussion of
                  policy and programs of DUEA.
         3.6.2  Every member shall have the right to submit proposals and statements in every
                   matter that affect DUEA and the Country in general, ordinary members shall have
                   the right to submit motions for discussions.
         3.6.3  Members shall have a right to engage in constructive criticisms, which here in is
                   referred as criticisms which are not based on ground of malice, sabotage, or any
                  form of personal grudge, character assassination or ill motives.
         3.6.4  All  members shall have the rights to share benefits and fruits of the Association.
         3.6.5  To request and obtain general information concerning activities of the Association.
         3.6.6  Every member has a right to vote on any matter(s) of DUEA and this shall include
                   only ordinary members.
         3.6.7  Every member has a right to be elected, nominated or appointed to any post/position    
                   in the Executive and/or in Functional Committees.
         3.6.8  To be awarded a certificate upon graduation.
         3.6.9  Together with the members under article 3.3b and c, shall have the right to attend the
                    association’s general meeting.

OBLIGATION OF MEMBERS

3.7  Obligations as referred to in these articles shall mean duties and responsibilities of members. 
      All members are obliged to:

(a)     To respect the constitution of DUEA.
(b)   To attend and participate in all meeting convened by the association or any of its Committees.
(c)    To contribute materially and morally towards the development efforts of the Association in line with the objectives of the Association.
(d)   To settle their financial obligations towards the Association as they fall due.
(e)    To understand and safeguard the aims, objectives and functions.
(f)    To cooperate with the Association the fulfillment of its objectives and functions.
(g)   To accept and work diligently on all duties as may be assigned by the association.
(h)   To respect the right and freedoms of others.
(i)     Members shall be obliged to exercise discipline and exemplary behaviors at all times and maintain harmonious relations with all members of DUEA and the community in General  Community as referred to in this article shall mean all the people within and around the operation of DUEA.
(j)     All members shall be obliged to pay an annual subscription fee to be set by the GA.

FORFEITURE OF MEMBERSHIP

3.8  A person may be disqualified from being a member of DUEA on the following grounds:

(a)     Any member who is required to pay annual fee as prescribed under article 3.7(j) and fails to pay shall thereby and without any action forfeit his/her membership together with all the rights reserved thereby.
(b)   Misconduct resulting in the disruption of the Association activities, occasioning loss or tarnishing the name of DUEA.
(c)    Fails to fulfill the requirements of this constitution and if after a series of warnings by the member(s) he/she continues or is about to be a threat to the good intentions of DUEA.
(d)   Dies/suffer from insanity, disability or any other circumstances which render him or her incapacitated to discharge his or her duties or render services to DUEA.


ARTICLE IV

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS


4.1  DUEA shall consist the following organs
       (i)    General Assembly
       (ii)   Executive Committee
       (iii)  Functional Committee
        (iv)   Any other sections/committees established for specific purpose/task of the association
               as the executive committee shall deem appropriate.

4.2  GENERAL ASSEMBLY
There shall be a General assembly, here in referred as GA consisting of members of DUEA.

The General Assembly shall:
(a)    Be the supreme organ of DUEA and it will be the highest decision making organ in the association.
(b)   Be held at least once every semester but can be called at any time depending on prevailing situation.
(c)    Shall be presided by the president.

4.3  DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
(a)  General Assembly shall have power to make rules and regulations on any matters for
       the  harmony, order, good governance and prosperity of DUEA.
(b)  The General Assembly shall protect this constitution and protect democratic
       governance of DUEA, decide and determine the policy and programs of DUEA.
(c)  Receive and consider the reports of the executive Committee, which shall be presented   
       by the president, the Secretary General and the treasury.
(d)      Have the right  to review, ratify, amend or rescind any decision and/or
        recommendation of any of the structures and of the officials of DUEA.
(e)       Have powers to elect or appoint any commission or committees and assign specific 
        tasks and duties to such committees, commissions and individuals as the case may be.
(f)       Approve the appointment of the members of different functional committees by the
        Executive committees.


4.4   EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE             

4.4.1  There shall be the Executive committee, here in referred as EC comprised of
          members and officials elected by the General Assembly amongst its ordinary
          members.

4.4.2   The Executive Committee (EC) shall be the Administrative organ of DUEA and
           shall ensure that policies and programs as determined by the General Assembly
           (GA) are effectively executed.

4.4.3   The EC shall be formed on rational basis amongst the members of Economics
           undergraduate classes.

4.4.4   Members of the Executive Committee shall be persons of proven integrity and
           considerable competence and;
(a)    Members of the EC shall hold the office for one year commencing from the   
      date of election and shall be eligible for re-election another turn.
(b)At no time shall a member of the Executive Committee run office for more 
       than two consecutive terms for one particular office.
(c)     At no time shall any member of the Executive Committee retain seats of
       President, Secretary General, Vice President and Treasury for more than two
       terms.
(d)       Where such circumstances as death/discontinuation arises which renders
         permanent in capability of the President, Vice President, GS, Treasure or any
        other person of the EC to perform his/her duties, the EC shall with in a period
        not exceeding 30 days appoint an Acting president or person from the EC until
        such time as the General Assembly is held or meet to elect a new president or
        any other person to the EC.

4.4.5  COMPOSITION OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

The EC shall be constituted of the following:
(i)                  The president
(ii)               The Vice President
(iii)             The General Secretary
(iv)             The Treasurer
(v)               Class Representatives from undergraduate level, from every year of study i.e three representatives one from each year.
(vi)             Three appointed students.


4.4.6  POWERS AND PROCEDURES

4.4.6.1  The EC shall meet at least three times a semester, the first meeting being just before the
            General Assembly and another immediately after General Assembly.
4.4.6.2  All such meetings reflected shall be summoned and presided over by the president and in
              his/her absence by the Vice President or in absence of both of them, by a member of EC
            designated in writing by the President.

4.4.6.3  The meeting of the Executive Committee shall be brought to effect provided information
              for such meeting is passed on to each member and the decision there of shall be passed
            by the two third of members of the Executive and voting.

4.4.6.4   In event of tie the President shall have a casting vote in addition to his deliberate vote. 
            Votes shall be taken by secret balloting or by show hands as the EC may deem fit to
            direct in each case.

4.4.6.5  The EC meeting shall be held provided half of its members are present.

4.5  FUNCTIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Duties and powers of the Executive Committee shall be as follow:
(i)                 Implement the decision and instructions of the General Assembly.
(ii)               Supervise and direct the work of DUEA.
(iii)             Submit reports to the General Assembly.
(iv)             Be responsible for strategic planning, monitoring and evaluation of programs, projects and activities carries by the association.
(v)               Do all other things necessary in promotion of DUEA policy and programs.
(vi)             Review reports prepared by different committees and approve.
(vii)           Shall appoint Chairpersons, Secretaries and members of different committees.
(viii)         Shall overrule in good faith and for the good of the Association, any decision made by the committees when it, the EC, shall be satisfied that there was an over sighting of the matter and so the decision was erroneously reached.
(ix)             Shall cease into power any office upon proof of violation of leadership ethics, tarnishing the name of the association and misconduct.
(x)               Shall consider, approve and present the proposed budget to the General Assembly.
(xi)             Shall see to the proper and efficient use of management of funds, prosperity and other sources of the association.
(xii)           Shall take disciplinary action against any member of the association whenever it deemed necessary.
(xiii)Shall do all other lawful acts and things for the purpose of ensuring the effective and
efficient operation and discharge of the objective and purposes of the association and its organ.
4.6  DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

The association shall have the President who in discharging his duties shall;
(i)                 Be responsible for the implementation of policies laid down by the EC through the General Secretary and the Chairperson of functional committee and running the day to day tasks of the association in all matters including financial control as may be entrusted by the Executive Committee.
(ii)               All Chairperson of the functional committees shall be answerable to the president and through him to the EC.
(iii)             Shall preside over all matters of the association.
(iv)             Shall preside over meetings of the association plus presenting the annual budget to the General Assembly.

4.7  DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE VICE PRESIDENT

The association will have a Vice President who shall;
(i)                 Deputize for the president where necessary and carry whatever functions as entrusted to him/her by the GA, the president or the EC.
(ii)               Shall ensure reception of a notice from the president whenever he/she is leaving the office for a substantial period of the time and consequently inform the GA and the trustees.
(iii)             Any document executed by the Vice President or any other person designated  by the President in his/her absence shall be authenticated by the EC.  And validity shall not be cancelled in the ground that it’s not made, issued or executed by the president.

4.8  DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY
                       
The association shall have a General Secretary herein referred to as GS.  He/she shall be the chief administrative officer of DUEA.  In discharging his duties the GS shall;
(i)                 Prepare annual reports on the overall work of the association.
(ii)               Work closely with other organizations and institutions regionally and internationally.
(iii)             Shall be responsible for the overall functioning of the EC as well as convening meetings through consultation with the president.
(iv)             Be responsible for all legal affairs affecting DUEA.
(v)               In the absence of the president and Vice President, the General Secretary shall assume the functions of the President.
(vi)             The GS shall be responsible for all documentation work of DUEA.
(vii)           Shall be responsible for minute taking in all EC and General Meetings of DUEA.
(viii)         Shall discharge such other duties as designed to him by the EC as General Assembly.
(ix)             The GS shall be responsible for organizing all functions; parties and such programs as may be assigned by the GA and the EC.

4.9  DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE TREASURER

There shall be a treasurer.   He or  shall be  immediate chief custodian of the funds and property of  DUEA.  In doing this treasurer shall;

(i)                 Receive and bank all funds on  behalf of the  EC  and shall together with the president the  GS  operate bank account.
(ii)               Shall be the  Chairperson of the  Finance Committee.
(iii)             Shall ensure that all books of  accounts and other necessary records clearly reflect the  financial  position of  DUEA. In performing  his/her duties the  treasurer shall be  strictly abide to the  general accepted principles of  accounts.
(iv)             Shall submit to the   GS  a report showing the income statement expenditure account and balance sheet of  DUEA  for the period since the previous  GS  and  shall  submit periodical reports to   EC and General Assembly.
(v)               Shall together with the  president, GS and the Finance committee be  responsible for working  out and  executing plans for fundraising, initiating, planning and  coordinating
(vi)             Submit  to the  EC three weeks in advance a proposed budget and financial statement for the  previous fiscal year to be presented to the General Assembly
(vii)           Shall perform any other duties as assigned by the EC.

4.10 FUNCTIONAL COMMITEES

Functional committees shall be the following:

(i)                 Finance Committee
(ii)               External Relations and Professionalism Committee ( ERPC)
(iii)             Welfare Committee
(iv)             Information, Communication and public Affairs committee
(v)               Any other Committees shall be formed in presence of needy.

4.10.1  FINANCE COMMITTEE (FC)
                       
(a)    The   treasurer shall be the Chairperson of the  FC
(b)   The  Executive committee shall appoint the secretary of  FC and other five members.
(c)    Members of the  FC shall be  of  proven reliability and experience in  handling financial matters
(d)   Finance committee shall be responsible to the following matters

(i)                 Planning and budgeting of all DUEA  activities.
(ii)               Ensure proper keeping  of proper keeping of books of accounts
(iii)             Prepare and present  the annual financial reports
(iv)             Shall source and  mobilize funds as it shall suggest and/or be  directed by the Executive committee
(v)               Shall be responsible for preparing project proposals after receiving estimates from   the particular  committee  and it shall present the proposals to the Executive Committee for  proposal when and where needed.
(vi)             Shall be responsible for Collection and disbursement of the money of the association in accordance with the laid down objectives.
(vii)           Report regularly to the Executive committee   

4.10.2 EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND PROFESSIONALISM COMMITTEE (ERPC)
            
(a)    The Executive committee appoint the Chairperson, secretary and other eight members of the  ERPC.
(b)   The  ERPC  shall be responsible for the following matters;
(i) Obtaining information and coordinating members to areas  of practical
training as approved by the  EC.
(ii)           Organizing seminars/presentations and workshops on  different academic and
professional issues among the members and non- members within and outside the University.
(iii)          Coordinating  DUEA  with the other related association of the same academic discipline and professional from other Universities within or outside the country.
(iv)         Shall be responsible for organizing academic and study tours.

4.10.3   WELFARE COMMITTEE.
(a)      The  Executive committee shall appoint the Chairperson, secretary and other five
           members of the Welfare committee.
(b)      The Welfare Committee shall be responsible for the following matters;

(i)        Organize different social prevailing in the association in different times i.e. during different ceremonies and  difficulties facing members.
(ii)      Prepare and issues the certificates to  members including leadership certificate awards.
(iii)    Call upon members to impact on the welfare of the society.
(iv)    Report regularly to the Executive Committee.



4.10.4 INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC  AFFAIRS COMMITTEE

(a) The  Executive Committee shall  appoint the person  Chairperson, secretary and other three members of the Committee.
(b)The committee  shall be responsible for the following matters

(i)                 Prepare and  disseminate information as well as ensuring the public  awareness  on the prevailing (on going) and planned events.
(ii)               Coordinate and setting up the sub-committees and  the General Assembly (GA)  meetings.
(iii)             Organize the public talks, lectures within and outside the University.
(iv)             Supervise  the  publication of the Journal of  DUEA.
(v)               Supervise and operate  DUEA Web page.
(vi)             Report regularly to the Executive Committee.

ARTICLE  V

BANKING, RESOURCE AND FINANCE
5.1 BANKING
5.1.1 The  funds of DUEA  shall be kept in an Account in the bank approved by the Executive
          Committee.
5.1.2  In the  cause of executing the requirements of article  5.1.1 of this article, funds shall be
           drawn from Bank’s account of any part  only with approval of the executive committee.
5.1.3  The finance secretary, General secretary and any other member(s) of finance committee
           shall authorize emergency withdrawals or expenditure.
5.1.4   Emergency withdrawals or  expenditure referred to under this  clause mean or  consist of
           withdrawals to wards financing or urgent meetings and crucial functions or programs or
           activities of  DUEA.
5.1.4  All Banking and Financial transaction and expenditure shall be recorded basing on to the
           generally accepted principles of Accounting.
5.1.5  A member of the executive committee shall move a motion requesting for  emergency
         withdrawal,  stating the urgency of the matter and how the matter is to be considered
           under the urgency.
5.1.6  The secretary General shall record the motion in clause 5.1.1 of article 5 in a loose minute.
5.1.7  The executive Committee shall  debate on whether to consider the subject matter stated  in
           clause 5.15 of article 5 as emergency and on whether the withdrawal  should  be
           considered under normal withdrawal.
5.1.8   Normal withdrawals are funds passed during the general meeting of the general meeting.



5.2 SOURCES OF FUNDS

5.2.1 The associations sources of finance shall consist of but not limited to;

i.  Member’s contribution when done  and any other donations or contribution
ii. Income from the Association projects.
iii Any  other income due to  Association.
iv. Contributions by way of  grants,  gifts, support from government, and subventions or
     from other sources in support of  DUES.

5.3  APPLICATION OF FUNDS

5.3.1 The income and  property of  DUEA  whatsoever derived, shall be applied sorely towards
the promotion of the objectives of the association and  no portion there of shall be paid or  transferred, direct or  indirect, by way of dividend,  bonuses or  otherwise to the  members of the  association  provided  that nothing here in shall prevent the payment, in  good  faith, of  reasonable and proper remuneration to any  founder member, patron or  matron of the association or to  any member of association in return for any service actually rendered to the said  association.

5.4 EXPENDITURE

5.4.1 The funds of  DUEA  shall be used towards the promotion of the objectives as prescribed
          in this constitution.
5.4.2 In  executing clause 5.4.1 of this article, the expenditure shall be as much as  possible
adhere to the estimates as passed by the General Assembly.  At no period what over shall the account of  DUEA  be overdrawn without the approval of the General Assembly.
5.4.3  Resources generated internally by  DUEA  shall be reported to the Executive committee. 
Accountability of such monies shall be  provided or made  or reported to the members of the Executive committee.

5.5  SIGNATORIES

5.5.1 The following  officials or otherwise provided by the constitution, shall be the
           signatories to the banking and financial documents.
a. The president
b. The secretary General
c. The treasurer
 

5.5.2 No financial transactions or withdrawals whatsoever from the Bank or any financial
institution, shall be honored without the signatories of the officials mentioned in clause 5.5.1 of this article.
5.5.3 The president shall be  the principle  signatory  to the account, and  transaction  may
           be honored where the president and Treasurer sign.
5.5.4 Without prejudice to clause 5.5.1 of this  article, withdrawals and financial
           transactions  shall be made when directed by a special executive committee or
           financial committee, as may be  elected by the General Assembly.
5.5.5  The  request to  effect  clause 5.5.1 of this article shall be  made in  writing, stating 
           the reason and  urgency of which the withdrawal or transactions are being made.
5.5.6  The  writing shall bear a common seal or stamp and signatures of  officials referred
         to in clause 5.5.1 of this article.

5.6 The president shall be prepared to present before the General  Assembly in each financial 
      year estimates or revenues and expenditures of  the  Executive committee for the next
      financial year.
5.7  Financial year as referred to in this article shall mean, a period of 12 months commencing
      from the date when the budget was presented before the General Assembly.
5.8  The head of Finance committee set up under this constitution shall be prepared to submit to
        the Executive Committee at least two mounts before the end of each financial year estimates
       of administrative and development.

5.9   The Treasurer without revision but with recommendations that the General Assembly may
       have them shall lay the estimates prepared under clause 5.8 of this article before the
       Executive Committee.

5.10 At any time before the Executive Committee considers the estimates, revenues and
         expenditures laid before  it by the Treasurer, the Financial Committee may  discuss and
         review estimates and make appropriate recommendation  to the Executive Committee.

5.11 ANNUAL BUDGET

5.11.1 The  Association budget shall follow the procedures states below;

5.11.2 At least one mount before the commencement of each financial year, every
committee shall prepare committee’s annual budget for submission to Executive committee for the next financial year.

5.11.3 Within a  specified period of time, each committee whereas the same shall consider
                     the budget and provide the financial position  of the Association.  Each committee,
                   in turn, shall be  called upon reviewing its budget to match the  Association’s
                       position before the
                       proper budget for each  committee is submitted to the Executive Committee for
                      consideration approval and any change there of shall be eligible for effect, as the
                   Executive Committee shall determine.

5.11.4  Subsequent to the approval of the budget, the finance committee shall give a
             financial  report for the year ended and the financial position of the Association for
            the new financial year.

5.11.5   The  Executive  Committee shall before the commencement of each financial year,
            consider and approve, subject to such modifications and  amendments as it may 
             consider appropriate  after being presented to the General Assembly, the annual
                     budget for that financial year.

5.11.6    Each  annual  budget shall separately show resources derived from;
                 (a)  Members’ contributions and other contributions
                 (b)  Income by way of grants, gifts, donation, support from government and
                       income derived from bilateral and multilateral sources; and
(c)       Any other income.

And shall indicate distinctly, the current and capital expenditures to be charged against income.

5.11.7  In the event of the budget for the coming year not being approved as the year
           ending the Chairperson for Financial Committee of the Association shall be
           empowered to use the equivalent of up to three months budget of the year just
             ended after which he/she shall not use any funds unless and until the budget has
             been approved.

5.12  ACCOUNTS AND AUDITING PROCESS

5.12.1  Accounts and auditing of the association shall be as follows;

5.12.2  The Executive Committee shall, within one month after the close of each financial year,
              close the accounts relating to such financial year, together with a statement of income
              and expenditure and a statement of the act and liabilities of the Association of that
              financial year, to be submitted ready for auditing.

5.12.3  There shall be an auditing process of the financial process or stand conducted by both
              internal and external auditors.

5.12.4    The person to conduct the auditing process shall be of proven experience, skill and
              respectable integrity.  They shall be elected and mandated by the Executive Committee
              and trustees.  The audit report shall be presented to the General Assembly.                     

ARTICLE VI
ELECTION

6.1  There shall be General Election in each year of study.

6.2    The following should be the guideline;
i)        Association’s Election shall be held every fifth (5th) week of the second semester.
ii)      Only members in article 3.3(a) shall participate in General election.
iii)    There shall be an Electoral Committee appointed b the Executive Committee which will have the following duties;
(a)     Shall be responsible for organizing and monitoring election in general
(b)   Shall have the duty to screen and pass contestants, which must be three for each post.
iv)    There shall be a democratic election and all officials shall be obtained by majority.
v)      Voting and election shall be conducted by Electoral Committee as specified above and results announced immediately.
vi)    Election shall be on secret ballots.

ARTICLE VII
MEETINGS AND GENERAL ASSEMBLY

7.1  There shall be a General Assembly that shall be held once every semester and where
        necessary/or in case of emergency.

7.2  There shall be therefore the following meetings herein referred as
        (i)  Normal General Assembly Meeting; that shall be held in the fourth (4th) week of the first
              semester.  The meeting will discuss on matters relating to the operation of the
              association.
        (ii) Annual General Meeting; that shall on every fifth (5th) week of the second semester. 
              The meeting will be responsible for re-election of the leaders of the association and
              approval of annual financial reports and other matters.
(iii)    Emergency Meeting; that shall be held where the situation on the ground necessitates.


ARTICLE VIII
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

8.1  (a)  The official language of DUEA shall be either English and/or Swahili.
        (b)  Any Language used in article 8.1 (a) shall be translated for the few members(s) or
               person(s) who may not understand it.

ARTICLE IX
PATRON AND/OR MATRON

5.13  The Patron and/or Matron of the association shall be an individual from the Academic staff
          member of the department of Economics and/or Economic Research bureau of the
          University of Dar Es Salaam or any other responsible and/or reputable person from any
          organization within or outside the country.

5.14   The appointment of the Patron and/or Matron shall be approved by two thirds (2/3) of the
           General Assembly.

DUTIES AND POWERS OF PATRON AND/OR MATRON

5.15  Shall advise the Association in all matters of long, medium and short term plan from the
          earliest stage.
5.16  Shall be able and responsible to link the Association with other reputable person(s) or
          organization or other communities.
5.17  Shall play a big role in various sensitive policy and decisions of the Association

ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
                                                                                                                    
10.0 The rules of the Association may relate to:

10.1  Matters of procedure guiding the conduct of meetings of the organs of the Association.

10.2  Matters of procedure of performance of functions by each committee of Association.

10.3  Procedures governing the expulsion and re-admission of person(s) to membership of the
           Association.


10.4 the electoral procedures.

10.5  The funds of the Association may be used solely in the furtherance of the objectives and
           functions of the same and shall not be distributed amongst members.

10.6    Any member of the Executive Committee who does not attend three who does not attend
           three consecutives meetings without notice and/or any reasonable cause shall be
           withdrawn from the committee.

ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION

11.1  Subject to the provision of this Constitution.  The General Assembly may amend by way of
           addition, variation or repeal any provision of this constitution in accordance with the
           procedure laid down in this Article.

           11.1.1  The constitution amendment(s) of DUEA shall be passed by the two thirds (2/3) of
                        majority of the General Assembly upon presentation by the Constitution
                        Committee appointed by the Executive.
           11.1.2  A member(s) seeking to amend the provisions specified in clause (11.1) of article
                        XI shall lodge or forward a written notice of the intention to amend to the General
                        Secretary at least thirty (30) days before the date fixed for the debate of the
                        proposed amendment(s).
           11.1.3  The member(s) shall clearly state in the written notice stated in clause (11.1.2) of
                        Article XI, the provision or any matter, the member(s) intends to amend, and the
                        proposed amendments to the General Secretary at least thirty (30( days before the
                        fixed date from the debate of proposed amendments.
           11.1.4   The General Secretary on receipt of this notice shall within 14 days cause it
                        known to the members of this intention and proposed amendment(s) stated in
                        clause (11.1.3) of Article XI.

11.2    Approval of Amendment.
           11.2.1    A motion to amend shall be moved by the member to General Assembly stating
                        clearly the provision or part of the constitution that he or she intends to amend.

           11.2.2    The motion shall be debated and if supported by two third (2/3) majority of the
                        members of the General Assembly, such a motion in clause(11.2.2) or this Article
                        11.2 shall be deemed to have passed.


11.3    Amendment of By-Laws/Regulations
           11.3.1    The Executive committee shall have powers to amend the By-Laws/regulations
                        but such amendments must be laid before the General Assembly for adoption and
                        approval prior to their becoming effective.

ARTICLE XII
DISSOLUTION

           DUEA shall be dissolved by a resolution of two third (2/3) of ordinary members present at a properly constituted General Assembly.

           The Dissolution or winding up shall be declared by a Patron and/or Matron in form of public notice after the agreement made by all members as stated in clause (12.1) of Article XII.
          
           Upon dissolution or winding up, the assets of DUEA remaining after satisfaction of all liabilities shall be distributed to the disadvantaged-children and handicapped and not otherwise.

           The Executive Committee and all other committees shall stand dissolved upon the expiry of its term as prescribed by the provisions of this constitution.

           An advance of ninety (90) days notice of intent to dissolve DUEA shall be widely circulated or published and discussed amongst all members before General Assembly.